Study record
Eisenberg spermidine mouse drinking-water lifespan study
Median lifespan; cardiovascular markers
Mus musculus — Mouse, standard drinking-water supplementation study (Eisenberg-associated research program) Tier 6 · Single-lab animal lifespan verification: verified
1. Species / populationMouse, drinking-water spermidine supplementation study
2. Exposure, route, schedule~3 mM spermidine in drinking water, continuous
3. Comparator & durationUntreated/control drinking water; lifespan follow-up
4. Endpoint & numeric resultMedian lifespan +~10%, cardiovascular benefit, sex-specific
5. What this study did NOT establishNo human data; no unit conversion to mg wheat-germ-extract or mg/day dosing; did not replicate in rats at same nominal concentration
Full record
| Intervention(s) | Spermidine |
| Species | Mus musculus |
| Population | Mouse, standard drinking-water supplementation study (Eisenberg-associated research program) |
| Sample size | not specified in source animals verification: verified_2026-07-11 |
| Exposure | ~3 mM spermidine in drinking water — Continuous drinking-water supplementation verification: verified_2026-07-11 |
| Comparator | Untreated/control drinking water |
| Duration | Lifespan follow-up |
| Endpoint | Median lifespan; cardiovascular markers |
| Evidence tier | Tier 6 · Single-lab animal lifespan |
| What was NOT established | Did not test humans, dietary intakes, or wheat-germ-extract-equivalent doses (unit conversion between mM drinking water and mg wheat-germ-extract is not established). Effect did not replicate in rats at the same nominal concentration (see rat-spermidine-conflicting, same evidence table). |
Result values (as reported in sourcing brief)
| median lifespan change | +~10% |
| cardiovascular effect | Reported cardiovascular benefit |
| sex specificity | Described in the brief as sex-specific, not uniform across both sexes |
| verification | verification: verified_2026-07-11 |
Source citation
Verification status: verified This record was checked against its primary publication on 2026-07-11.Identifiers: PMID not reported; DOI verified; PMC verified; trial registry ID not applicable. Record-level verification and identifier-level status are separate: a record can be fully verified against its primary publication while an identifier that does not apply to the study type — a trial registry ID for an animal study, for instance — is marked not applicable. No identifier is fabricated, and none is left in a “pending” state.
| program | Eisenberg/Madeo/Kroemer spermidine research program |
| reported year | not recorded |
| pmid | not reported not reported |
| doi | 10.1038/nm.4222 verified |
| journal | Nature Medicine 2016;22(12):1428-1438 |
| pmc | PMC5806691 verified |
| authors | Eisenberg T, Abdellatif M, Schroeder S, et al. |
| year | 2016 |
| verified date | 2026-07-11 |
| verified note | Oral spermidine (drinking water/food) extended mouse lifespan + cardioprotection; autophagy-dependent (abolished in Atg5-KO cardiomyocytes) — MATCHES. Exact ~10% median / 3 mM figures to be read from sex-specific survival curves in the paper (brief's own caveat). |
| pmid note | PMID not confirmed against final record (PMC5806691 + DOI 10.1038/nm.4222 verified directly). |
| verification status | verified |
Funding / conflict of interest
not compiled in this proof-of-concept verification: verified_2026-07-11
Version 0.2.0-mvp · literature search date 2026-07-11 · editorial owner Nabus Research