mTOR & longevity: a claim–study–outcome reference
Structured evidence map for mTOR-related longevity interventions. No advice. Every number is sourced and qualified.
Rapamycin
Binds FKBP12; the FKBP12-rapamycin complex binds the FRB domain of mTOR within mTORC1, allosterically inhibiting mTORC1 kinase output toward...
Spermidine
Associated with induction of autophagic flux and cardiovascular protection in animal models; proposed mechanisms include EP300 inhibition an...
Sirolimus
Binds FKBP12; the FKBP12-sirolimus complex binds the FRB domain of mTOR within mTORC1, allosterically inhibiting mTORC1 kinase output toward...
Everolimus
Binds FKBP12; the complex inhibits mTORC1 kinase output, reducing S6K1/4E-BP1 signaling. In Mannick et al.'s low-dose human trials, short-co...
RTB101
Reported as a TORC1 inhibitor tested for respiratory-illness-related endpoints in older adults; mechanism-level detail beyond 'TORC1 inhibit...
Caloric Restriction (CR)
Sustained energy-intake reduction. In the CALERIE Phase 2 human trial, participants were ASSIGNED a 25% caloric-restriction target but ACHIE...
Protein Restriction
Reduction of total dietary protein (as opposed to a single amino acid or amino-acid class). Studied in animals via the Solon-Biet nutritiona...
BCAA Restriction (Branched-Chain Amino Acid Restriction)
Combined reduction of all three branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, valine) in the diet, studied for sex-specific lifespan effe...
Isoleucine Restriction
Isoleucine-specific dietary reduction, studied within the nutritional-geometry research tradition associated with the Solon-Biet/Simpson/Rau...
Metformin
Activates AMPK and inhibits mitochondrial complex I; AMPK activation is one of several inputs that can inhibit mTORC1 via TSC2, but this is ...
Aerobic Exercise
A single bout of aerobic exercise acutely activates mTORC1 signaling in skeletal muscle (e.g. increased p-S6K1 Thr389); chronic training sep...
Resistance Exercise
Mechanical loading during resistance training acutely activates mTORC1 signaling in skeletal muscle, promoting the protein-synthesis respons...
NIA Interventions Testing Program (ITP) 2009 rapamycin cohort
Age at 90% mortality (90th-percentile lifespan); median lifespan
PEARL trial (rapamycin, 48-week RCT)
Primary: visceral adipose tissue (fat) change
SmartAge trial (spermidine via wheat germ extract, 12-month RCT)
Primary: cognitive composite score change
NIA ITP rapamycin dose-response cohort (42 ppm arm)
Median lifespan, dose-response arm
Mannick et al. 2014 low-dose everolimus / influenza vaccine response trial
Influenza vaccine antibody response
Mannick Phase 2a follow-on TORC1-inhibitor immune trial
Immune-function / infection-related endpoints (follow-on to the 2014 vaccine-response finding)
RTB101 Phase 2b respiratory-illness trial
Laboratory-confirmed respiratory tract illness
RTB101 Phase 3 respiratory-illness program (1024 participants)
Primary respiratory illness endpoint
CALERIE Phase 2 primary trial (caloric restriction, 2-year RCT)
Cardiometabolic risk markers; epigenetic aging-pace markers (see calerie-dunedinpace for the DunedinPACE-specific record)
CALERIE Phase 2 DunedinPACE epigenetic sub-analysis
DunedinPACE (pace-of-aging epigenetic marker)
Eisenberg spermidine mouse drinking-water lifespan study
Median lifespan; cardiovascular markers
Conflicting rat spermidine drinking-water study (non-replication)
Median lifespan
Solon-Biet nutritional geometric framework (25-diet mouse study)
Median lifespan; circulating IGF-1
BCAA / isoleucine restriction mouse lifespan study (sex-specific)
Median lifespan, by sex
Levine et al. dietary protein observational cohort (n=6381)
All-cause mortality
Acute exercise mTORC1 mechanistic crossover study (untrained men)
mTORC1 pathway activation (e.g. p-S6K1 Thr389) in skeletal muscle
Physical activity and all-cause mortality meta-analysis
All-cause mortality
Dietary metformin mouse lifespan dose-response study
Median lifespan, dose-dependent
MILES trial (metformin, short-term mechanistic study in older adults)
Mechanistic/molecular endpoints (e.g. gene-expression/pathway signatures)
MASTERS trial (metformin + resistance exercise interaction)
Muscle mass / strength gains from resistance training
TAME (Targeting Aging with Metformin) trial -- protocol/registration, no results
Planned aging-related composite clinical endpoint
mTORC1 vs mTORC2
Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) assembles into two distinct multiprotein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, distinguished by scaffold prot...
TSC1/TSC2 (Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1/2)
TSC1/TSC2 form a heterodimeric GTPase-activating protein (GAP) complex that converts Rheb-GTP to its inactive Rheb-GDP form, thereby suppres...
Rheb (Ras homolog enriched in brain)
Rheb is a small GTPase that, in its GTP-bound (active) form, directly binds and activates mTORC1 at the lysosomal membrane. Its activity is ...
Rag GTPases / Ragulator complex
The Rag GTPase heterodimers, anchored to the lysosomal membrane by the Ragulator scaffold complex, sense amino-acid sufficiency and recruit ...
AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase)
AMPK is the cell's principal energy-status sensor, activated by a rising AMP:ATP or ADP:ATP ratio (low cellular energy). Once active, AMPK i...
ULK1 (Unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase 1)
ULK1 is a serine/threonine kinase that initiates autophagosome formation. Active mTORC1 phosphorylates ULK1 at inhibitory sites, SUPPRESSING...
S6K1 (p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1)
S6K1 is directly phosphorylated by mTORC1 at Thr389, the canonical assay marker for mTORC1 activity used throughout this dataset (p-S6K1 Thr...
4E-BP1 (eIF4E-binding protein 1)
4E-BP1 normally binds and sequesters eIF4E, blocking cap-dependent translation initiation. Active mTORC1 phosphorylates 4E-BP1 at multiple s...
TFEB (Transcription Factor EB)
TFEB is the master transcriptional regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy genes. Active mTORC1 phosphorylates TFEB, retaining it in...
AKT (Protein Kinase B)
AKT plays a dual role in this pathway map. As part of the insulin/IGF-1-PI3K-AKT axis, active AKT phosphorylates and INHIBITS TSC2, relievin...
IGF-1 Signaling (Insulin/IGF-1 -> PI3K -> AKT axis)
Insulin and IGF-1 binding to their receptors activates PI3K, which activates AKT, which inhibits TSC1/2, which activates Rheb, which activat...
Autophagic Flux
CORE EDITORIAL POINT: autophagic flux is the RATE of the complete autophagy process -- autophagosome formation, cargo sequestration, fusion ...
| Tier 1 | Human lifespan / clinical RCT |
| Tier 2 | Human clinical/functional RCT |
| Tier 3 | Human biomarker RCT |
| Tier 4 | Prospective human observational |
| Tier 5 | Replicated animal lifespan |
| Tier 6 | Single-lab animal lifespan |
| Tier 7 | Animal healthspan |
| Tier 8 | Human acute mechanistic |
| Tier 9 | Animal/cell mechanism |
| Tier 10 | Hypothesis / unreplicated |
What this site is
mTORiX is a claim–study–outcome graph, not a longevity-advice essay. Every quantitative claim carries five visible qualifiers: species/population; exposure, route, and schedule; comparator and duration; endpoint and numeric result; and what the study did NOT establish. Evidence tiers are shown, not collapsed into a single score. One page — Spermidine, the only compound here that is sold over the counter at all — carries an affiliate link to the material the studies used; every prescription and investigational compound carries none, and the dietary and exercise interventions are not products. There is no sponsored content and no named/fabricated author — it is published under the Nabus Research editorial identity. See the affiliate disclosure.